Khoon Ki Kami (Anemia): Pakistani Khawateen Mein Itni Aam Kyun Hai, Alamaat Aur Khuraak

1. Anemia kya hai aur Pakistan mein kitna aam hai?

Anemia ka matlab hai ke khoon mein red blood cells ya hemoglobin kam hai, aur jism ke hisson tak oxygen kam pohanchti hai. Iron ki kami is ki sab se aam wajah hai, magar sirf yehi wajah nahi hai. Vitamin B12 aur folate ki kami, khoon ka bahna ya bimari bhi anemia kar sakti hai.

UNICEF Pakistan ki National Nutrition Survey 2018 ki key findings ke mutabiq 15 se 49 saal ki non-pregnant khawateen mein tehreeban 43 fisad anemic thin, aur tehreeban 18 fisad mein iron-deficiency anemia tha. Hamil khawateen mein iron-deficiency anemia tehreeban 21 fisad paaya gaya.

2. Alamaat jo aksar nazar andaz ho jati hain

Sab se aam alamat musalsal thakan hai. Is ke ilawa chehra ya pupil ke neeche ka hissa peela lagna, seerhiyan charhte hue saans phoolna, dil ki dhadkan tez mehsoos hona, chakkar aana, sar dard aur haath pair thande rehna bhi ho sakta hai.

Kuch log mitti ya barf khane ki ajeeb talab bhi mehsoos karte hain, jisay pica kehte hain. Yeh iron ki kami ki alamat ho sakti hai, doctor ko zaroor batayein.

Magar yeh alamaat thyroid, neend ki kami ya depression mein bhi ho sakti hain. Is liye pakka faisla sirf blood test (CBC aur ferritin) se hota hai.

3. Hamari khawateen mein kami kyun zyada hai?

NIH ke mutabiq mahwari ki wajah se khoon ke saath iron ka zyada nuqsan hota hai, is liye khawateen mein iron ki zaroorat mardon se zyada hoti hai. Hamal aur doodh pilane ke dauran zaroorat aur barh jati hai.

Hamare ghar mein aksar mard aur bachon ko pehle khilaya jata hai aur khawateen baad mein, jis mein gosht ya daal kam bachti hai. Gosht kam khana, aur har khane ke baad chai peena bhi iron ka jazb kam karte hain.

4. Khane mein iron kahan se aata hai?

Khuraak mein iron do qism ka hota hai. Heme iron gosht, murghi aur machli mein hota hai aur jism isay aasani se jazb karta hai. Non-heme iron sabziyon, daalon, chane aur palak mein hota hai aur isay jazb karna mushkil hota hai.

Daal, chana, lobia, palak, methi, gur aur khajoor non-heme iron ke aam zariye hain. Gosht, kaleji aur machli heme iron dete hain. Kaleji ko hamil khawateen doctor ke mashware se hi khayein, kyunke us mein vitamin A bohat zyada hota hai.

5. Jazb behtar karne ke asaan tareeqay

NIH ke mutabiq non-heme iron ka jazb kuch cheezon se barhta aur ghatta hai, jin mein vitamin C ka faida aur chai coffee ka nuqsan shamil hai. Is liye khane ke saath nimbu ya tamatar aur salad shamil karein, jaise daal ke saath nimbu nichorna ya palak ke saath tamatar.

Chai ya coffee khane ke foran baad na peeyen, kam az kam aadha ek ghanta ka waqfa rakhein. Yeh sasti aur asaan tabdeeli hai jo aksar log pehle hafte hi se shuru kar sakte hain.

6. Iron ki goliyan: kab aur kaise?

Dukaan se iron ki goliyan khud lena theek nahi. Iron zyada hone se pait dard, qabz aur bohat zyada ho jaye to jigar aur dosre aza ko nuqsan pohanch sakta hai. Agar test mein kami nikle to doctor dose aur muddat tay karte hain, aur kuch hafton baad dobara test karte hain.

Iron ki goliyon se kaala fuzla aam hai, is par ghabrayein nahi, magar agar ulti aur khoon aaye to doctor ko dikhayein. Bachon ki dawaon aur goliyon ko un ki pohanch se door rakhein, kyunke iron ka overdose bachon ke liye khatarnak hota hai.

7. Doctor ke paas kab jayein

Agar thakan hafton se hai, mahwari bohat bhari ya lambi hai, hamal ka mansooba hai ya hamil hain, to CBC aur ferritin ka test karwa lein. Doctor yeh bhi dekhta hai ke kami ki wajah khuraak hai ya kahin khoon beh raha hai.

Mardon aur buzurg khawateen mein anemia ki wajah talash karna aur bhi zaroori hai, kyunke wahan khoon ka bahna pait ya mede ki bimari ki alamat ho sakta hai.

Hawalay (Sources)

• UNICEF Pakistan: National Nutrition Survey 2018, Key Findings Report
• NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Iron fact sheet for health professionals

Note: Yeh maloomat sirf aam agahi ke liye hai, ilaj ka mutabadal nahi. Koi bimari, hamal, ya musalsal alamaat hon to doctor se zaroor mashwara karein.